Common signs of vitamin A deficiency

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in maintaining vision, immune function, skin health, and cell growth. A deficiency in vitamin A can lead to a variety of health issues, some of which can become severe if left untreated. Below are the most common signs of vitamin A deficiency.

Night blindness
One of the earliest and most well-known symptoms of vitamin A deficiency is night blindness. This condition makes it difficult for the eyes to adjust to low-light environments, leading to poor vision in dim lighting. If left untreated, it can progress to more severe eye disorders.

Dry eyes and corneal damage
A lack of vitamin A can lead to xerophthalmia, a condition that causes extreme dryness of the eyes. Over time, this dryness can result in corneal ulcers, scarring, and even blindness. In severe cases, Bitot’s spots—foamy patches on the whites of the eyes—may develop as a visible sign of deficiency.

Increased susceptibility to infections
Vitamin A plays a crucial role in maintaining the immune system. A deficiency weakens the body’s ability to fight infections, making individuals more susceptible to illnesses, particularly respiratory and gastrointestinal infections.

Dry skin, hair problems, and hair loss
Since vitamin A is essential for maintaining healthy skin, a deficiency can lead to dryness, flakiness, and an increased risk of skin conditions such as eczema. Additionally, hair may become brittle and prone to breakage due to the reduced production of sebum, the natural oil that keeps hair hydrated. Severe deficiency can also contribute to hair loss.

Delayed growth and development
In children, a lack of vitamin A can result in stunted growth and delayed development. Since this vitamin is essential for cell growth and bone development, a prolonged deficiency can negatively impact overall physical development.

Poor wound healing
Vitamin A is involved in tissue repair and immune function, making it essential for wound healing. A deficiency can slow the healing process, increasing the risk of infections and complications.

Dizziness and balance issues
Some individuals with vitamin A deficiency may experience dizziness and problems with balance. This can be linked to its role in neurological function and overall cellular health.

Reproductive issues
Both men and women can experience reproductive difficulties due to vitamin A deficiency. In men, it can lead to reduced sperm production, while in women, it may cause complications in pregnancy, increasing the risk of miscarriage and birth defects.

How to prevent vitamin A deficiency
Preventing vitamin A deficiency involves consuming a balanced diet rich in vitamin A sources. Animal-based foods such as liver, eggs, dairy products, and fish provide preformed vitamin A (retinol), while plant-based sources like carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach, and bell peppers contain provitamin A (beta-carotene), which the body converts into active vitamin A. In cases of severe deficiency, supplementation may be necessary under medical supervision.

Recognizing the early signs of vitamin A deficiency is crucial for preventing long-term health complications. Ensuring an adequate intake of this essential nutrient supports vision, immunity, and overall well-being.