Respiratory diseases can take many forms, ranging from mild allergic reactions to severe chronic diseases.
Some common respiratory diseases:
Asthma: Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterised by inflammation and narrowing of the lower airways. Asthma sufferers may often experience shortness of breath, coughing and wheezing, especially during physical activity or allergen exposure.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): COPD is a group of diseases that includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema. These diseases are usually the result of long-term exposure to smoking and environmental pollutants. The most common symptoms include coughing, dyspnoea and chronic sputum production.
Flu (cold): an infectious respiratory disease caused by influenza viruses, usually occurring seasonally. Symptoms include fever, runny nose, sore throat, muscle aches and fatigue.
Pneumonia: Pneumonia is an inflammatory process in the lungs, usually caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi. Symptoms include fever, cough, difficulty breathing, chest pain and fatigue.
Lung cancer: lung cancer is an aggressive cancer that develops in the lung tissue. Smoking is the most significant risk factor, but other factors may also contribute, such as environmental exposure to certain chemicals. Symptoms include coughing, bloody sputum, chest pain, shortness of breath and weight loss.
COPD – Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
COPD is a chronic and progressive respiratory disease characterised by chronic inflammation and narrowing of the lower airways, the trachea of the lungs.
There are two main types:
Chronic bronchitis: this symptom is characterised by persistent inflammation of the trachea and excessive sputum production. Sputum is constantly produced, resulting in a chronic cough.
Emphysema: In this condition, the air-containing parts of the lungs are damaged, leading to loss of lung elasticity and breathing difficulties.
Causes and Risk Factors:
Smoking: this is the most common risk factor, although not all COPD patients smoke. Passive smoking may also increase the risk.
Environmental exposure: Long-term exposure to harmful substances, such as industrial chemicals, dust or fumes, can also contribute to the development of COPD.
Genetic factors: certain genetic predispositions may also increase the risk of COPD.
Symptoms:
Shortness of breath: one of the most common symptoms, especially during physical activity.
Cough: Frequent, chronic cough, often accompanied by sputum.
Wheezing: difficult breathing and wheezing, especially when exhaling.
Chest pain: Some patients may experience chest pain, especially during coughing or physical activity.
Treatment:
Smoking cessation: the most important step in treating COPD and preventing it from getting worse.
Medications: Inhaled medications such as bronchodilators and anti-inflammatories can help relieve symptoms and improve breathing.
Pulmonary rehabilitation: physiotherapy, respiratory therapy and other rehabilitation methods can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
Oxygen therapy and ventilation: In severe COPD, oxygen therapy or even ventilation may be necessary.
COPD is a disease that can significantly affect quality of life and daily activities. However, it is important to understand that with proper treatment and lifestyle changes, much can be done to alleviate symptoms and slow the progression of the disease.
