Hard lump at the back of the neck? There could be several reasons! The most common cause of neck swelling is an enlargement of the lymph nodes. Swelling in the neck can be caused by more than just lymph nodes.
But what does a lymph node do?
The main function of lymph nodes is to maintain lymph flow and to return fluid that exits the venous side of the tissues back into the venous system. The other essential function is to maintain the body’s defences. The white blood cells that form, develop and are stored in the lymph nodes help to defend the body against viral, bacterial or even fungal and parasitic infections.
Where are lymph nodes located?
Lymph nodes are located in the head and neck, often divided into regions.
Main causes of neck swelling:
Anterior cervical lymph nodes
They can be found both superficially and more deeply above and below the cephalic nerve. Their main drainage area is the throat, tonsils and pharynx.
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
They are located behind the cephalic muscle, from where they extend to the clavicle. Infection and inflammation are common causes of posterior cervical lymph node swelling, but certain drugs may also play a role.
Lymph nodes under the jaw
They are located under the jaw, draining lymph from the upper and lower jaw, tongue areas.
Lymph nodes behind the throat
The pharynx and nasal cavity are part of their care. Throat swelling may also develop.
Lymph nodes above the collarbone
Located in the cavity above the collarbone and supply the lower half of the neck.
Submaxillary lymph nodes
They supply the area of the lower lip.
Neck lymph node pain can be caused by many different things.
Infection or inflammation: the lymph nodes in the neck are part of the body’s defence system and can swell and hurt in the event of infections such as sore throats or toothaches, or other inflammatory conditions such as tonsillitis or scalp inflammation. This condition can also easily trigger neck swelling.
Colds or flu: Respiratory infections, such as colds or flu, are often associated with swelling of the neck lymph nodes and pain in the neck area.
Dental problems: dental problems such as toothache or gingivitis can also cause cervical lymph node pain.
Infectious diseases: some infectious diseases, such as mononucleosis (kissing disease), can also lead to swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck.
Autoimmune diseases: certain autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus, can affect the lymph nodes and cause pain.
Swelling or pain in the temporalis muscle (Latin: m. temporalis) can be caused by several factors.
Overuse of the chewing muscles: if you chew for a long time or eat very hard food, the muscles in the head can become overworked, causing pain and swelling.
Stress and teeth grinding: during stress or teeth grinding, the chewing muscles can work more vigorously, which can cause tension and swelling in the long term.
Dental problems: dental problems such as tooth decay or ill-fitting dentures can also cause tension and swelling in the chewing muscles.
Trauma or injury: if you hit or injure the muscles in the head limbs, you may develop swelling and pain.
Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ): temporomandibular joint disorder is a condition that causes problems with the jaw and jaw joint. As a result, the muscles of the temporomandibular joint can become tight and swollen.
What are the possible causes of lymph node inflammation?
Infection: it can be caused by bacteria, viruses or even fungi, but it can also be caused by parasites. In the case of viral infection, lymph nodes may also become enlarged in other areas, but the lymph nodes in the neck are typically swollen.
Cancer: unfortunately, various cancers can also be caused by lymph nodes not functioning properly.
Systemic autoimmune disease
What does unilateral neck lymph node pain mean?
Unilateral cervical lymph node pain can be due to a number of possible causes, some of which may be more severe than others. It is important to note that lymph node swelling and pain may be a sign of one or more conditions that require medical attention.
Infections: the most common causes include infectious diseases such as sore throat, flu or tonsillitis. These infections are often accompanied by other symptoms such as fever, swelling and general malaise.
Dental problems: dental infections, such as periodontitis, can often cause swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck.
Inflammatory diseases: certain autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus, can cause inflammation in the lymph nodes.
Allergic reactions: allergic reactions such as allergies to pollen or animal hair can also result in swelling and pain in the neck.
The possible symptoms are
An enlargement of the lymph nodes, which can cause the swelling in the neck itself. We can often feel this ourselves.
When the lymph nodes are pressed, pain is felt.
There is difficulty swallowing.
In rare cases, breathing problems may also occur.
Associated symptoms may include: fever, weight loss, loss of appetite, weakness and some skin symptoms.
How can unilateral cervical lymph node swelling be treated?
It is important to note that it is always recommended that unilateral cervical lymph node swelling is examined and diagnosed by a specialist. The doctor will draw up an appropriate treatment plan depending on the underlying cause.
Anti-inflammatories: your doctor may recommend anti-inflammatory medicines or other symptomatic treatments to relieve swelling and pain.
If the swelling in the neck lymph nodes is caused by a bacterial infection, the doctor may prescribe antibiotics.
Specific treatment: If the swelling is the result of another medical problem (such as an autoimmune disease), the doctor may recommend specific treatment.
Rest and hydration: It is important to maintain general health, such as adequate rest and hydration. Good general health can help to strengthen the immune system.
Lifestyle changes: a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise and good nutrition can support the immune system.
