The Most Common Allergens: What You Need to Know

Allergies affect millions of people worldwide, with certain substances triggering immune system reactions. The most common allergens can be grouped into food, environmental, and contact allergens.

1. Food Allergens

The most frequent food allergens include:

• Milk – Cow’s milk protein can cause severe reactions, especially in children.
• Eggs – The proteins in egg whites and yolks are common triggers.
• Peanuts – One of the most severe allergens, causing anaphylaxis in some cases.
• Tree nuts – Almonds, walnuts, cashews, and hazelnuts are frequent culprits.
• Wheat – Can trigger allergic reactions beyond celiac disease.
• Soy – Found in many processed foods, soy allergies are common in children.
• Fish and shellfish – Allergic reactions to seafood are often severe and lifelong.

2. Environmental Allergens

These allergens are airborne and can cause respiratory issues:

• Pollen – From trees, grasses, and weeds, it is a major trigger for hay fever.
• Dust mites – Microscopic insects found in bedding and upholstery.
• Pet dander – Tiny flakes of skin shed by cats, dogs, and other animals.
• Mold spores – Thriving in damp environments, molds release allergens into the air.

3. Contact Allergens

These allergens cause skin reactions:

• Latex – Found in gloves, balloons, and medical supplies, causing irritation or severe reactions.
• Nickel – A common metal in jewelry, watches, and belt buckles, leading to skin rashes.
• Fragrances – Found in perfumes, lotions, and cleaning products, they can trigger contact dermatitis.

Understanding these allergens can help individuals take preventive measures, such as avoiding triggers, using hypoallergenic products, and seeking medical advice when necessary. If symptoms persist, allergy testing and proper management can improve quality of life.